• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure, device and system of monitoring and characterization of a photovoltaic solar module. Procedure, device and system for monitoring and characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) which involves: measuring a vacuum voltage (v0) of the module (1); measure a short-circuit current (icc) of the module (1); measuring a voltage and current at a work point (v1, i1) of the module (1); estimate a voltage-intensity curve from the vacuum voltage measurement (v0), the short-circuit current measurement (icc) and the measurement of voltage and intensity at a work point (v1, i1). The device has: a measuring device for measuring a vacuum voltage (v0), a short-circuit current (icc) and a voltage (v1) and intensity (i1) at a work point of the module (1). The monitoring system transmits the measurements to a control center (2) that centralises the measurements of the devices and estimates voltage-intensity curves from the measurements received. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2578940A1
    申请号:ES201531691
    申请日:2015-11-20
    公开日:2016-08-02
    发明作者:José Carlos CAMPELO RIVADULLA；Tania María GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ；Ángel MOLINA GARCÍA；Juan José SERRANO MARTÍN；Emilio Gómez Lázaro
    申请人:De Castilla La Mancha 20 0%, University of；Politecnica De Cartagena 40 0%, University of；Universidad Politecnica de Valencia；Universidad de Castilla La Mancha；Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PROCEDURE, DEVICE AND MONITORING SYSTEM ANDCHARACTERIZATION OF A SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
    Field of the invention
    The invention falls within the field of photovoltaic energy, specifically in solar photovoltaic plants. The object of the invention is the field determination of the state of the modules through the estimation of their voltage-intensity curve, without the need for laboratory tests, without modifying the production of electrical power and therefore without altering the operation of the solar plant. This invention is included within a real-time monitoring system of a line of solar panels for the knowledge of the state of the modules, the detection of possible faults or malfunction, from the results obtained in the voltage-intensity curve . This monitoring system uses a wireless sensor network to distribute the information.
    State of the art
    Currently, within the photovoltaic solar sector, the estimation of performance and status of photovoltaic modules has acquired a special relevance, especially in large facilities or in difficult access facilities, where tests that include labor or personnel needs are practically unviable Thus, while access to electrical variables at the investor level is a well-known issue and solved both technically and commercially, the knowledge of the performance of the modules and their voltage-intensity curve in field operation, currently has great difficulties to implement it in practice autonomously and without altering the normal operation of the plant.
    CN103888075 establishes a system to measure voltage and intensity of a photovoltaic module using a rotary table that allows to emulate solar conditions, but they are not measured in the field or in installations in operation. For the detection of shadows and cell faults, a solution based on estimating the power generated by the cell based on temperature and irradiation levels is offered in KR101245827, and compared with predetermined values. This contribution does not calculate values of the voltage-intensity curve in plant operation, but only offers a comparison between power generated and estimated power. For photovoltaic modules with concentration, in US2010066382 you have a solution that needs a light source and a lens system.


    concentration, as well as instruments for measuring the output of the photovoltaic module.
    In KR20140058481 pollution levels are estimated on the surfaces of photovoltaic modules, and in KR101026139 additional sources of power are incorporated in case of absence of supply by the solar modules.
    Most of the works developed in the field of monitoring of photovoltaic solar installations propose solutions to know the power generated data and compare with power forecasts based on climatological variables, especially
    10 temperature and level of solar irradiation.
    Up to now, the comparison of measured data with production estimates or with the obtaining of voltage-intensity curves is based on the adjustment of solar module models that include implicit functions and that are not exempt from problems of convergence and
    15 high computational cost. In addition, an estimation of the parameters of the models based on field measurements is not proposed, but in most cases it is due to previous adjustments that do not include updating. Among the most used models are those of simple diode and those of double diode.
    These drawbacks that the known systems and methods present are overcome by the invention.
    Description of the invention
    The invention allows the acquisition in situ or in the field of voltage-intensity curves of
    25 solar photovoltaic modules without the need to disconnect solar modules or technical support in person. In addition, it uses processes to estimate the voltage-intensity curves in which convergence and computational cost problems have been eliminated, so that the requirements of the equipment to carry out the procedure are much lower and the execution times of the procedure are totally
    30 despicable.
    The device of the invention can be installed in each photovoltaic solar module autonomously and programmably. A set of wireless nodes is deployed (one associated with each solar panel to be monitored), operating in the form of a wireless network of 35 sensors that allow monitoring in real time the behavior of the installation


    photovoltaic This monitoring system performs the necessary measures to monitor and obtain conclusions on the status, performance, operation and / or location of faults in the photovoltaic modules. The device of the invention measures the vacuum voltage, the short-circuit current and the voltage and current at the working point of the module, allowing, with the measurements taken at these three points, the complete estimation of the voltage-current curve to obtain a voltage curve characteristic of the module, with a virtually instantaneous computation time.
    The comparison of these data, that is to say, of the characteristic voltage-intensity curve of the module, with the theoretical voltage-intensity curves allows the determination of performances, the state of the modules, the anomalies estimation and the realization of a preventive maintenance of photovoltaic solar plants regardless of their size and accessibility.
    In addition to the fact that the method of the invention requires a negligible execution time, it is applicable to any type of photovoltaic module, independently of its technology and the configuration of the solar installation. The device, the system and the method of the invention allow to perform a preventive maintenance of the solar installation, as well as the detection of faults or anomalies in the operation of the solar modules.
    Not only is the computation time required for the estimation of the characteristic voltage-intensity curve from three points measured during the operation of the module negligible, but this curve is also obtained precisely. In fact, compared to the known methods that handle up to nine variables and implicit equations that need to resort to convergence algorithms to solve these implicit equations and that are also sensitive to the starting points to reach a solution obtained after numerous iterations, the time required by the method of the invention is milliseconds. Likewise, the maximum error in the estimation of the curve is between 5-8%, being applicable for both Silicon and Cadmium Tellurium modules.
    The device comprises a microcontroller system with radio frequency (RF) stage included to form a wireless sensor network. Each device includes two relays that are used to measure voltage during normal operation of the module


    open circuit and short circuit current. These measurements of vacuum voltage (open-circuit voltage) and short-circuit current are made in a few seconds, and to avoid transients, a capacitor can be placed at the output of the module. The measurement can be carried out at predetermined time intervals in advance, or at the request of a control center if an anomaly is detected in the set of a linear formed by several modules. The device can also measure the temperature of the solar panel and the voltage and current during normal operation of the panel. As the control center has the measure of the solar radiation in the solar garden, measurements can be made on the device to have voltage-intensity curves characterizing different values of solar radiation. Alternatively, the device may also incorporate means for measuring solar radiation.
    According to the invention, all the modules or solar panels of a linear can have the device, so that it can be measured and known in a very short time, and during the normal operation of the solar garden, the characteristics and performance that are obtained from each one of the modules or solar panels of all the linear ones of the solar garden.
    The device can be integrated into the connection box of the module or panel during the manufacture thereof, thereby obtaining a solar panel that can be called intelligent, since it can know the performance of the same during the operation of the panel without disconnecting it. With a very low cost during the manufacturing process, it can have a very high added value to be able to have controlled at all times each of the solar panels of a solar garden.
    The device can work in installations of a single module or panel, few modules or solar panels or in installations of solar farms of any dimension. Bearing in mind that the sending of data by the nodes or means of communication via radio incorporated in the device to the information collection points (network sinks or reception means located in a control center) will be done in intervals of minutes, no type of problem appears regarding the simultaneity of sending of data and / or of collapse of nodes / means of communication or sinks / means of reception. This property favors the implementation of the proposed solution even in the case of plants with a high number of modules and therefore with a high number of possible nodes to be located in each photovoltaic panel.


    As indicated, the device of the invention can be used as a measuring device of different operating points of voltage-intensity curves of a module or solar panel to estimate, in real time, in the field and without disconnection of the module or solar panel , the voltage-intensity curve characterizing the module or solar panel, the performance
    5 of the module or solar panel, detect possible failures in the solar module or panel and be able to performpreventive maintenance of the installation.
    According to a procedure for characterizing the module, the device measures the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current and the voltage and current at a point of
    10 work. With these three points, it is enough to determine a characteristic voltage-intensity curve. The data can be sent to a control center where the operation of the modules is estimated and, if necessary, generate a warning to change or repair a module.
    15 The device can be part of the module or solar panel, since it can be integrated in the connection box of the module or panel and close to it the temperature sensor of the module or panel can be placed. To estimate the power that the module or panel must give, the measure of solar radiation available in the solar garden can be used.
    20 The measurement sensors can be a wireless sensor network, although it can also be implemented wired. The system of the invention allows the data to be sent to a control center to determine at a linear level the module or panel that does not work correctly.
    25 The procedure and the device include the measurement of climatological variables, such as temperature and solar radiation, as well as the measurement of electrical variables, such as voltage and modulus intensity.
    A basic embodiment of the method of the invention is defined in claim 1.
    A basic embodiment of the device of the invention is defined in claim 8. A basic embodiment of the system of the invention is defined in claim 14. The dependent claims define additional features of the invention.
    Description of the figures
    Figure 1 is a diagram of a device of the invention.


    Figure 2 is a schematic of a linear panel or modules provided with the device of theinvention.Figure 3 shows voltage-intensity curves in relative magnitudes:-the abscissa axis represents the module voltage per unit (pu) with respect to the
    5 standard conditions, 1000W / m2 at 25ºC; -the axis of ordinates represents the intensity of module per unit (pu) with respect to
    standard conditions, 1000W / m2 at 25ºC. The relative values of voltage and current are referenced to standard conditions for a module that receives a solar radiation of 1000W / m2 at 25ºC. Use these
    10 standard conditions 1000W / m2 at 25ºC, allows to work with modules of different characteristics.
    The numerical references of the elements of the invention are indicated below: Vacuum voltage measurement (V0)
    15 Short-circuit current measurement (ICC) Estimation of voltage and current at an estimated working point (V1 *, I1 *) Measurement of voltage and current at a working point (V1, I1) Characteristic voltage-current curve (VC- IC), estimated from three points:
    measurement of vacuum voltage (V0);
    20 short-circuit current measurement (ICC); estimation of voltage and intensity at an estimated work point (V1 *, I1 *) represented by an asterisk (*) on the curve; this estimated work point (V1 *, I1 *) is estimated from the radiation (G) and temperature (T) measurements
    Theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It), determined by the technical specifications of the
    25 module (1); in this curve there is the point of maximum power of the module Module (1) Means of measurement of voltage (1V), Means of measurement of intensity (1I) Relay of vacuum (110, 120)
    30 Vacuum contactor (110) Vacuum control (120) Vacuum circuit (100) Short circuit relay (11CC, 12CC) Short circuit contactor (11CC)
    35 Short circuit control (12CC)


    Short circuit (10CC)Means of temperature measurement (1T)Measuring means of solar radiation (1R).Microcontroller (1C)Output terminals (1S)Means of communication via radio (1W)Condenser (10C)Control center (2)Storage media (21)Means of reception (22)Means of process (23)Means of comparison (231)Rating means (232)Means of qualification (233)Means of action (234)
    Detailed description of the invention
    The invention relates to a method, device and system for monitoring and characterizing the state of a photovoltaic solar module (1) which involves: measuring a vacuum voltage (V0) of the module (1); measure a short-circuit current (ICC) of the module (1); measuring a voltage and current at a work point (V1, I1) of the module (1); estimate a voltage-intensity curve from the vacuum voltage measurement (V0), the short-circuit current measurement (ICC) and the voltage and current measurement at a work point (V1, I1).
    The device has: a measuring device for measuring a vacuum voltage (V0), for measuring a short-circuit current (ICC) and for measuring a voltage (V1) and current (I1) at a working point of the module (1) .
    The monitoring system makes the measurements in each of the photovoltaic modules of interest and transmits them to a control center (2) that centralises the measurements provided by the devices and estimates voltage-intensity curves from the measurements received, providing users and managers of the solar garden monitoring information to monitor, characterize and know the status of each of the modules, the identification of anomalies and their performance, without requiring human intervention or disconnection of the modules.


    Figure 1 shows a device of the invention comprising the measurement of the open circuit voltage, or vacuum voltage (V0), the short circuit current (ICC) and temperature of the module (1). The device can also measure voltage (V1) and current (I1) with load,
    5 that would correspond, for example to the work point (V1, I1).
    The device may comprise a microcontroller (1C) which, in turn, may comprise means of communication via radio (1W), to send the measured data to a control center (2). The control center (2) comprises receiving means (22) for receiving data
    10 and measurements of the solar garden.
    Solar radiation can be measured through sensors located in the solar garden. The measurement of this data allows obtaining three key points to be able to define the voltage-intensity curve characterizing the photovoltaic module (1). These three points can be
    15 the open-circuit voltage or vacuum voltage (V0), the short-circuit current (ICC), as well as the voltage and current at a working point (V1, I1).
    Figure 3 shows the voltage-intensity curves (V-I) estimated from these three points. As seen in figure 3, the open circuit voltage (V0) and the intensity of
    20 short circuit (ICC) define the corresponding points with the cut with the X and Y axes; also, figure 3 shows the voltage and intensity at a work point (V1, I1) theoretically coincident with the maximum power point of the module (1).
    Figure 3 shows curves with different values of solar radiation (G) and
    25 temperatures (T) that represent the operation of the module at different powers. These curves also show the differences between the theoretical work points and the estimated work points based on the temperature and radiation values.
    A first aspect of the invention relates to a method of characterizing a
    30 solar photovoltaic module (1) comprising: 1a) measuring a vacuum voltage to obtain a vacuum voltage measurement (V0) of the module (1); the vacuum voltage measurements (V0) are represented as stars on the X axis of Figure 3; 1b) measure a short-circuit current to obtain an intensity measurement of
    35 short (ICC) module (1); The short-circuit current (ICC) measurements are


    they represent as squares on the Y axis of Figure 3;
    1c) estimate a working voltage and a work intensity at a work point to obtain an estimate of the working voltage (V1 *) of the module (1) and an estimate of the working intensity (I1 *) of the module (1) ; the estimates of the work voltage (V1 *) and the work intensity (I1 *) are represented as asterisks in Figure 3;
    1d) estimate a voltage-intensity curve from three points determined by: 1d1) the vacuum voltage measurement (V0); 1d2) the short circuit current measurement (ICC); 1d3) the estimation of work voltage (V1 *) and the estimation of work intensity (I1 *); 1d4) to obtain a characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC) of the module (1) from measured magnitudes (V0, ICC,) and estimated magnitudes (V1 *, I1 *) during a module operation (1).
    In accordance with other features of the invention:
    The procedure may comprise:
    2a) measuring a solar radiation (G) on the module (1);
    2b) measuring a temperature (T) of the module (1);
    2c) obtain the working voltage estimation (V1 *) and the working intensity estimation (I1 *) from the measurement of solar radiation (G) and the measurement of temperature (T);
    3a) measuring a working voltage and a working intensity at a work point to obtain a working voltage measurement (V1) of the module (1) and a working intensity measurement (I1) of the module (1);
    3b) compare 3b1) an element selected from: 3b1a) the characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC); 3b2b) the measurement of working voltage (V1) and the measurement of work intensity (I1); 3b3c) and combinations thereof; 3b2) with a theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It) of the module (1);
    3c) obtain values of parameters representative of operation of the module (1) from the comparison with the theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It);
    4a) determining a state of operation of the module (1) according to the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1).


    5a) The operating state of the module (1) under operating conditions can be selected from: 5a1) normal, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are within acceptable operating values under the conditions of operation; 5a2) warning, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are close to exceeding acceptable operating values in the operating conditions; 5a3) stop, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are above acceptable operating values under the operating conditions;
    The procedure may comprise:
    6a) maintaining operation of the module (1) when the operating state is normal;
    6b) monitor operation of the module (1) when the operating state is alert;
    6c) stop operation of the module (1) when the operating state is stopped.
    7 The method may comprise sending data of measurements taken to a control center (2).
    8 The procedure can be executed in the field.
    9 A second aspect of the invention relates to a characterization device of a photovoltaic solar module (1) comprising: 9a) voltage measuring means (1V), configured to obtain a voltage measurement of
    vacuum (V0) of the module (1);
    9b) intensity measuring means (1I) configured to obtain a short circuit current measurement (ICC) of the module (1);
    where:
    9c) the voltage measuring means (1V) and the intensity measuring means (1I) are
    configured to obtain a measurement of working voltage (V1) of the module (1) and a measurement of the working intensity (I1) of the module (1), at a working point during a


    operation of the module (1).
    In accordance with other features of the invention, the device may comprise:
    10a) a vacuum relay (110, 120) configured to connect / disconnect a vacuum circuit
    (100); the vacuum relay (110, 120) may comprise a vacuum contactor (110) and a
    vacuum control (120); 10b) a short circuit relay (11CC, 12CC) configured to connect / disconnect a circuit
    short circuit (10CC); The short-circuit relay (11CC, 12CC) may comprise a
    short circuit contactor (11CC) and a short circuit control (12CC); 11a) a capacitor (10C) connected between output terminals (1S) of the module (1);
    12 means for measuring temperature (1T) of the module (1);
    13 means of measuring solar radiation (1R);
    14. a microcontroller (1C) comprising radio communication means (1W) configured to send measurement data taken in the module (1).
    The microcontroller (1C) can be configured to take measurements of vacuum voltage (V0) and short circuit current (ICC) during the normal operation of the module. For this, the microcontroller (1C) can be connected to the vacuum circuit (100) and the short circuit (10CC). The microcontroller (1C) can send opening / closing commands to the vacuum control (120) and to the short-circuit control (12CC) so that the vacuum contactor (110) and the short-circuit contactor (11CC) open / close the circuit vacuum (100) and the short-circuit circuit (10CC). These measurements are made in a few seconds and, to avoid transients, the device can incorporate the capacitor (10C) between output terminals (1S) of the module (1).
    The time interval between measurements can be set in an initial configuration of the device. The interval can also be determined by a control center (2) which determines the operating status of the module (1) according to the measurements registered for that module (1). The control center (2) comprises receiving means (22) of the measurements taken in the module (1) and may comprise storage means (21) to store the measurements taken in a module (1) during a certain period. If the values measured in the module (1) indicate a deviation from the acceptable values for that type of module (1) under the operating conditions in which the module (1) is located, the control center (2) can order that the measures are taken in intervals of


    shorter time to monitor more closely the operation of the module and act in the manner appropriate to the observed deviation.
    The invention also comprises an interconnection of devices as described in a
    5 linear solar panels. Each module (1) or panel can incorporate a measuring device to be able to have controlled and measured at all times the characteristics of the set of the linear and be able to detect as quickly as possible failures that penalize the energy obtained by each of the modules (1) included in a linear.
    As described, a third aspect of the invention relates to a characterization system of a solar photovoltaic module (1) comprising the device as described above. The system comprises a control center (2) comprising: 15a) receiving means (22) of the measurements taken in the module (1); 15b) process means (23) configured for
    15 15b1) estimate a voltage-intensity curve from three points determined by: 15b1a) the vacuum voltage measurement (V0); 15b1b) the short circuit current measurement (ICC); 15b1c) the estimation of the working voltage (V1 *) and the intensity estimation of
    work (I1 *);
    20 15b1d) to obtain a characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC) of the module (1) from measured magnitudes (V0, ICC,) and estimated magnitudes (V1 *, I1 *) during a module operation (1) .
    The processing means (23) may comprise: 16a) comparison means (231) configured to compare:
    16a1) an element selected from: 16a1a) the characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC); 16a1b) the measurement of working voltage (V1) and the measurement of work intensity
    (I1); 30 16a1c) and combinations thereof; 16a2) with a theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It) of the module (1);
    16b) quantization means (232) configured to obtain values of parameters representative of operation of the module (1) from the comparison with the theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It);
    35 17a) rating means (233) configured to determine a state of


    operation of the module (1) according to the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1), where the operating state of the module (1) under operating conditions is selected from: 17a1) normal, where the values of the representative parameters of the operation
    5 of the module (1) are within acceptable operating values under the operating conditions;
    17a2) warning, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are close to exceeding acceptable operating values in the operating conditions;
    10 17 a 3) stop, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are above acceptable operating values under the operating conditions;
    18a) actuating means (234) configured to generate an order selected from: 18a1) maintaining an operation of the module (1) when the operating state 15 is normal; 18a2) monitor an operation of the module (1) when the operating state is alert; 18a3) stop operation of the module (1) when the operating state is stopped.
    20 The system, as a whole, forms a monitoring system that, depending on the needs, can monitor both a line and a solar farm in its entirety. It will allow greater control and monitoring of the operating parameters of the photovoltaic panels, the state in which they are located, of possible faults or anomalies, as well as the generation of electrical energy of the same.

    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    Method for characterizing the state of a solar photovoltaic module (1) characterized in that it comprises: 1a) measuring a vacuum voltage to obtain a vacuum voltage measurement (V0) of the
    5 module (1); 1b) measuring a short-circuit current to obtain a short-circuit current measurement (ICC) of the module (1);
    1c) estimate a working voltage and a work intensity at a work point to obtain an estimate of work voltage (V1 *) of the module (1) and an estimate of 10 work intensity (I1 *) of the module (1 ); and so know the state of the module and discard
    possible malfunctions and malfunctions.
    1d) estimate a voltage-intensity curve from three points determined by: 1d1) the vacuum voltage measurement (V0); 1d2) the short circuit current measurement (ICC);
    15 1d3) the estimate of work voltage (V1 *) and the estimation of work intensity (I1 *);
    1d4) to obtain a characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC) of the module (1) from measured magnitudes (V0, ICC,) and estimated magnitudes (V1 *, I1 *) during a module operation (1).
    [2]
    2. Procedure for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to theclaim 1 characterized in that it comprises:2a) measuring a solar radiation (G) on the module (1);2b) measuring a temperature (T) of the module (1);
    25 2c) obtain the working voltage estimation (V1 *) and the working intensity estimation (I1 *) from the measurement of solar radiation (G) and the measurement of temperature (T).
    [3]
    3. Procedure for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that it comprises:
    30 3a) measuring a working voltage and a working intensity at a work point to obtain a working voltage measurement (V1) of the module (1) and a working intensity measurement (I1) of the module (1);
    3b) compare 3b1) an element selected from: 35 3b1a) the characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC);

    3b2b) the measurement of working voltage (V1) and the measurement of work intensity (I1); 3b3c) and combinations thereof; 3b2) with a theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It) of the module (1); 3c) obtain values of parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) starting from the comparison with the theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It).
    [4]
    4. Procedure for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises: 4a) determining an operating state of the module (1) as a function of the values of the
    10 parameters representative of the operation of the module (1).
    [5]
    5. Method for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that: 5a) the operating state of the module (1) under operating conditions is
    15 selected from:
    5a1) normal, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are within acceptable operating values under the operating conditions;
    5a2) warning, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are close to exceeding acceptable operating values in the operating conditions;
    5a3) stop, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are above acceptable operating values under the operating conditions;
    [6]
    6. Procedure for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises: 6a) maintaining an operation of the module (1) when the operating state is
    normal; 30 6b) monitor operation of the module (1) when the operating state is alert; 6c) stop operation of the module (1) when the operating state is stopped.
    35 7. Characterization procedure of a photovoltaic solar module (1) according to any of

    the previous claims characterized in that it comprises sending data of measurements taken to a control center (2).
    [8]
    8. Procedure of characterization of a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to any of5 the previous claims characterized in that it is executed in the field.
    [9]
    9. Device for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) characterized in that it comprises: 9a) voltage measuring means (1V), configured to obtain a voltage measurement of
    10 vacuum (V0) of the module (1); 9b) intensity measuring means (1I) configured to obtain a measurement of
    short circuit current (ICC) of the module (1); where: 9c) the voltage measuring means (1V) and the intensity measuring means (1I) are
    15 configured to obtain a measurement of working voltage (V1) of the module (1) and a measurement of the working intensity (I1) of the module (1), at a working point during operation of the module (1).
    [10]
    Device for characterizing a photovoltaic solar module (1) according to claim 20 9, characterized in that it comprises: 10a) a vacuum relay (110, 120) configured to connect / disconnect a vacuum circuit (100);
    10b) a short circuit relay (11CC, 12CC) configured to connect / disconnect a short circuit (10CC).
    [11]
    11. Device for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to the claim10 characterized in that it comprises:11a) a capacitor (10C) connected between output terminals (1S) of the module (1).
    12. Device for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring temperature (1T) of the module (1).
    [13]
    13. Device for characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring solar radiation (1R).

    [14]
    14. Characterization device of a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a microcontroller (1C) comprising means of communication via radio (1W) configured to send data of measurements taken in the module (1). Jointly configuring a wireless network of sensors for monitoring solar farms.
    [15]
    fifteen. Monitoring and characterization system of a solar photovoltaic module (1) comprising the device according to any of claims 9-14, characterized in that it comprises a control center (2) comprising: 15a) receiving means (22) of the measurements taken in the module (1); 15b) process means (23) configured for
    15b1) estimate a voltage-intensity curve from three points determined by: 15b1a) the vacuum voltage measurement (V0); 15b1b) the short circuit current measurement (ICC); 15b1c) the estimation of the working voltage (V1 *) and the intensity estimation of
    work (I1 *);
    15b1d) to obtain a characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC) of the module (1) from measured magnitudes (V0, ICC,) and estimated magnitudes (V1 *, I1 *) during operation of the module (1).
    [16]
    16. Monitoring and characterization system of a photovoltaic solar module (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the processing means (23) comprise: 16a) comparison means (231) configured to compare:
    16a1) an element selected from: 16a1a) the characteristic voltage-intensity curve (VC-IC); 16a1b) the measurement of working voltage (V1) and the measurement of work intensity
    (I1);16a1c) and combinations thereof;16a2) with a theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It) of the module (1);
    16b) quantization means (232) configured to obtain values of parameters representative of operation of the module (1) from the comparison with the theoretical voltage-intensity curve (Vt-It).
    [17]
    17. Monitoring and characterization system of a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that the process means (23) comprise:

    17a) rating means (233) configured to determine an operating state of the module (1) as a function of the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1), where the operating state of the module (1) under certain conditions of operation is selected from:
    5 17a1) normal, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are within acceptable operating values in the operating conditions;
    17a2) warning, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are close to exceeding acceptable operating values 10 in the operating conditions;
    17a3) stop, where the values of the parameters representative of the operation of the module (1) are above acceptable operating values in the operating conditions.
    18. System for monitoring and characterizing a solar photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the processing means (23) comprise: 18a) actuation means (234) configured to generate an order selected from:
    18a1) maintaining operation of the module (1) when the operating state is normal; 20 18a2) monitor an operation of the module (1) when the operating state is alert; 18a3) stop operation of the module (1) when the operating state is stopped.

    1W
     11CC
    1R
    1S 12CC ICC 10C
     1S
    1V
     1I 10CC
    V0
    1T
    1 C
    FIG. one
    1 C
    FIG. two
    V1 *, I1 *
    FIG. 3
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    同族专利:
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    WO2017085347A1|2017-05-26|
    ES2578940B2|2017-10-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN110595742A|2019-09-18|2019-12-20|广东产品质量监督检验研究院（国家质量技术监督局广州电气安全检验所、广东省试验认证研究院、华安实验室）|Method for detecting long-term potential influence of mechanical load on performance of photovoltaic module|US6111767A|1998-06-22|2000-08-29|Heliotronics, Inc.|Inverter integrated instrumentation having a current-voltage curve tracer|
    DE10242648A1|2002-09-13|2004-04-01|Solarnet Gmbh|Procedure for monitoring the operation of a photovoltaic system|
    US8461718B2|2010-11-30|2013-06-11|Ideal Power Converters, Inc.|Photovoltaic array systems, methods, and devices with bidirectional converter|
    US20120242320A1|2011-03-22|2012-09-27|Fischer Kevin C|Automatic Generation And Analysis Of Solar Cell IV Curves|
    CN204145415U|2014-08-01|2015-02-04|苏州德睿科仪仪器设备有限公司|Photovoltaic cell performance decay monitoring system|
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